The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. Mary | Biography & Facts | Britannica . There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. - Leith blockade. With the Popes blessing, foreign Catholic priests were smuggled into England with the sole purpose of continuing recusancy amongst the English Catholics and undermining the influence of Protestantism. Elizabethan Religious Settlement - BBC Bitesize Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. Topic guides / Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. This meant her ability to govern from the outset was immediately hampered. God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? he could also overthrow her. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . The use of fireships by the British exposed this weakness. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. Company Reg no: 04489574. Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Increased Catholic Threat to Elizabeth I (GCSE Example Answer The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. Why religious compromise was so difficult. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. Describe two features of the Puritan challenge 6. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603. Student / Elizabeth's sister Mary I had lost this port back of Calais to the French in an unsuccessful war that England and Spain had fought against France Elizabeth wanted it back to demonstrate England's strength France and Spain were no longer at war and there was a real possibility they may unite against England. Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. Her forty-five year reign was constantly under threat, which makes the fact that she was able to overcome these for forty-five years even more remarkable. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. 1589 | History of Parliament Online Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. Henry himself gave people cause . Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. He was a protestant and head of his country; however England viewed Sweden as a mediocre power and not a nation to be linked with in marriage. The conspirators including Babington were all. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Best Answer. The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. Doodle's Point of View Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. The reasons for, and consequences of, the English victory. PDF Subject: History Year: 10Lesson 3 - Schudio The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. [A range of examples and wide-ranging knowledge really help explore the extent of this problem facing Elizabeth.]. Catholics and Queen Elizabeth I - BBC Bitesize Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. The English also had better tactics that were more effective. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics. The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. Mary was spared. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? Boston House, 1. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. 214 High Street, Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. Europe. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. Mary Queen of Scots was married to . Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. The war was going badly for England. 1534 Duke of Angoulme (third son of Francis I)c1542 A Prince of Portugal1543 Son of the Earl of Arran 1544 Prince Philip (Philip II) 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour 1552 Prince of Denmark 1553 Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire 1554 Philibert Emanuel, Duke of Savoy 1554 Prince of Denmark 1556 Prince Eric of Sweden 1556 Don Carlos (son of Philip II)1559 Philip II 1559 Prince Eric of Sweden 1559 Son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony 1559 Sir William Pickering 1559 Earl of Arran 1559 Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel 1559 Robert Dudley 1560 King Eric of Sweden 1560 Adolphus, Duke of Holstein 1560 King Charles IX 1560 Henry, Duke of Anjou 1566 Robert Dudley 1568 Archduke Charles 1570 Henry Duke of Anjou 1572- 1584 Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Anjou. What were the causes of westward How far do you agree with the view that Elizabeth remained single The attack was a success.
why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558
