View abstract. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activitiy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of adefovir dipivoxyl (9-[2-(bis-pivaloyloxymethyl)-phosphonylmethoxyethyl]adenine) in HIV-infected patients. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup.Physiol 1987;56(4):457-460. View abstract. Pollard, L. M., Williams, N. R., Espinoza, L., Wood, T. C., Spector, E. B., Schroer, R. J., and Holden, K. R. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes of late-onset (type III) multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. BJU.Int. Plioplys AV, Kasnicka I. L-carnitine as a treatment for Rett syndrome. A., Gupta, A., Vajifdar, B. U., and Lokhandwala, Y. Y. L-carnitine moderately improves the exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina. Carnitine in the therapy of dyslipidemic patients. Schmidt-Sommerfeld E, Penn D, Wolf H. Carnitine deficiency in premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition: effect of L-carnitine supplementation. Hatamkhani S, Khalili H, Karimzadeh I, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Abdollahi A, Jafari S. Carnitine for prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a randomized, clinical trial. Saudi.J Kidney Dis Transpl. View abstract. Amino.Acids 2009;36(2):365-372. Eur.Rev.Med.Pharmacol Sci 2010;14(4):292-301. View abstract. Minerva Cardioangiol. Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Bertino, G., Neri, S., Malaguarnera, M., Gargante, M. P., Motta, M., Lupo, L., Chisari, G., Bruno, C. M., Pennisi, G., and Bella, R. The supplementation of acetyl-L-carnitine decreases fatigue and increases quality of life in patients with hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon-alpha 2b plus ribavirin. These symptoms are not considered to be severe side effects. De Marchi, S., Zecchetto, S., Rigoni, A., Prior, M., Fondrieschi, L., Scuro, A., Rulfo, F., and Arosio, E. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves endothelial function, microcirculation and pain management in critical limb ischemia. (Tokyo) 2001;47(6):378-384. View abstract. Levocarnitine administration in elderly subjects with rapid muscle fatigue: effect on body composition, lipid profile and fatigue. Neuropsychobiology 1997;35:16-23. View abstract. 2010;5(12):e14433. Saudi.J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2006;29(2):100-107. View abstract. View abstract. Clin Ther 1995;17:176-85. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Med.Sci Sports Exerc. Effect of carni Q-gel (ubiquinol and carnitine) on cytokines in patients with heart failure in the Tishcon study. Ye, J., Li, C. J., and Liu, J. H. [A clinical analysis of methylmalonic acidemia in adolescents]. 2010;34(3):295-299. Acute systemic and splanchnic haemodynamic effects of L-carnitine in patients with cirrhosis. View abstract. Diabetologia 1995;38(1):123. As a supplement, acetyl-L-carnitine is usually considered safe when taken as directed. If you have had a seizure, don't take L-carnitine. Propionyl-L-carnitine is likely to be safe when used under medical supervision. 2017;3:CD009374. Acta Urol Ital 1996;10(3):185-187. View abstract. View abstract. Toxicol Res (Camb). Kumar, A., Singh, R. B., Saxena, M., Niaz, M. A., Josh, S. R., Chattopadhyay, P., Mechirova, V., Pella, D., and Fedacko, J. Brevetti G, Perna S, Sabba C, et al. Propionyl-L-carnitine in intermittent claudication: double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose titration, multicenter study. Park, H. D., Kim, S. R., Ki, C. S., Lee, S. Y., Chang, Y. S., Jin, D. K., and Park, W. S. Two novel HADHB gene mutations in a Korean patient with mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency. View abstract. Another human study monitored L-carnitines effect on fat burning during a 90-minute stationary bicycle workout. J.Med.Sci. Dokmeci, D., Inan, M., Basaran, U. N., Yalcin, O., Aydogdu, N., Turan, F. N., and Uz, Y. H. Protective effect of L-carnitine on testicular ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Miles, C. L., Candy, B., Jones, L., Williams, R., Tookman, A., and King, M. Interventions for sexual dysfunction following treatments for cancer. Biagiotti G, Cavallini G. Acetyl-L-carnitine vs tamoxifen in the oral therapy of Peyronie's disease: a preliminary report. Clin Chim Acta 2005;360:173-7. Erbas, H., Aydogdu, N., Usta, U., and Erten, O. (Pakistan) 2006;6(5):800-805. Pettegrew JW, Klunk WE, Panchalingam K, et al. View abstract. Clin Nutr 2012;31(2):176-182. Yano J, Kaida Y, Maeda T, et al. Intensive Care Med. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr. View abstract. Does carnitine cause insomnia? View abstract. Common causes of insomnia include stress, an irregular sleep schedule, poor sleeping habits, mental health disorders like anxiety and depression, physical illnesses and pain, medications . View abstract. Clin Ther 2012;34(8):1674-1682. Lund, A. M., Joensen, F., Hougaard, D. M., Jensen, L. K., Christensen, E., Christensen, M., Norgaard-Petersen, B., Schwartz, M., and Skovby, F. Carnitine transporter and holocarboxylase synthetase deficiencies in The Faroe Islands. Zidovudine-induced mitochondrial myopathy is associated with muscle carnitine deficiency and lipid storage. 2007;25(6):611-618. Sheida A, Davar R, Tabibnejad N, Eftekhar M. The effect of adding L-Carnitine to the GnRH-antagonist protocol on assisted reproductive technology outcome in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Aliment.Pharmacol Ther 2011;34(9):1088-1097. Carnitine, valproate, and toxicity. Effect of L-carnitine on the physical fitness of thalassemic patients. 2007;52(6):1775-1776. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;290:1482-92. View abstract. View abstract. Am.J Kidney Dis 2007;50(5):803-812. Clin Ther 2003;25(5):1429-1439. 1. Turk.J Pediatr 1998;40(1):79-84. View abstract. Anemia and carnitine supplementation in hemodialyzed patients. 2010;29(4):312-34. Rodriguez DR, endible A, Gomez N, and et al. J.Mazandaran Univ.Med.Sci. Weng Y, Zhang S, Huang W, Xie X, Ma Z, Fan Q. Efficacy of L-Carnitine for Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sweets, treats, and desserts are high in added sugars and saturated fats. Propionyl-L-carnitine: Studies have shown that propionyl-L-carnitine combined with Viagra might improve erectile function better than sildenafil alone. Cell Biol.Int. Moradi, M., Moradi, A., Alemi, M., Ahmadnia, H., Abdi, H., Ahmadi, A., and Bazargan-Hejazi, S. Safety and efficacy of clomiphene citrate and L-carnitine in idiopathic male infertility: a comparative study. Your metabolism determines how many calories you burn each day. Evaluation of the efficacy of propionyl-L-carnitine versus pulsed muscular compressions in diabetic and non-diabetic patients affected by obliterating arteriopathy Leriche stage II. It is made by your body and also available as a supplement. 2010;48(5):503-510. The efficacy of combined l-carnitine and l-acetyl carnitine in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am.J Med.Genet.A 4-1-2008;146(7):803-812. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1984;10(4):219-223. The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on plasma carnitine levels and various performance parameters of male marathon athletes. Neri S, Pistone G, Saraceno B, et al. Exp.Diabetes Res. Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Gonzalez, A., Beller, N. A., Hoffman, M. W., Olson, M., Purpura, M., and Jager, R. The effects of acute and prolonged CRAM supplementation on reaction time and subjective measures of focus and alertness in healthy college students. L-carnitine supplements can incur side effects similar to those of most dietary supplements and medications. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2006;29(2-3):288-298. Iranian J.Nutr.Sci.Food Technol. Mol.Genet.Metab 2010;100(1):46-50. Le Tourneau, C., Faivre, S., Ciruelos, E., Dominguez, M. J., Lopez-Martin, J. Wilderness.Environ.Med. View abstract. 2010;35(12):1880-1915. L-carnitine is LIKELY SAFE when taken by mouth for up to 12 months, and when used as an injection, with the approval of a healthcare provider. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Scand.J Gastroenterol. View abstract. Dragan, A. M., Vasiliu, D., Eremia, N. M., and Georgescu, E. Studies concerning some acute biological changes after endovenous administration of 1 g l-carnitine, in elite athletes. Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., Salvadeo, S. A., Ferrari, I., Gravina, A., Mereu, R., D'Angelo, A., Palumbo, I., Randazzo, S., and Cicero, A. F. Effects of combination of sibutramine and L-carnitine compared with sibutramine monotherapy on inflammatory parameters in diabetic patients. These bacteria digest L-carnitine and turn it into a compound called trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Neurol 2000;55:805-10. View abstract. 1990;5(3):263-265. J Pediatr 1986;109(6):984-988. J Pediatr 1981;98(6):976-978. Taking too much (2 to 3 grams . Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Jun 6, 2022. View abstract. Multicenter clinical placebo-controlled study with acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of mildly demented elderly patients. Scand.J Clin Lab Invest 1985;45(2):179-184. Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG, Creager MA, et al. J.Nutr.Health Aging 2010;14(3):224-230. View abstract. Angiology 1995;46(8):705-713. Arch.Pediatr. 1997;37(3 Pt 1):491-493. Spiering, B. Last updated on Aug 31, 2022. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34(8):1496-1500. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Carnitine deficiency disorders in children. Li, B., Lloyd, M. L., Gudjonsson, H., Shug, A. L., and Olsen, W. A. Long term side effects of high dose carnitine use are not fully known. Coto V, D'Alessandro L, Grattarola G, and et al. G.Ital.Cardiol. View abstract. View abstract. Carnitine and physical exercise. View abstract. Korean J Gastroenterol. Wadman, R. I., Bosboom, W. M., van der Pol, W. L., van den Berg, L. H., Wokke, J. H., Iannaccone, S. T., and Vrancken, A. F. Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III. View abstract. View abstract. A., Cotman, C. W., and Sullivan, P. G. Effects of age, dietary, and behavioral enrichment on brain mitochondria in a canine model of human aging. View abstract. Pehlivanoglu S, Enar R Mutlu H Sert A Ersalni M Yazicioglu N. The effect of L-carnitine on left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with streptokinase. Therapeutic evaluation of L-carnitine in Egyptian children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Maestri, A., De Pasquale, Ceratti A., Cundari, S., Zanna, C., Cortesi, E., and Crino, L. A pilot study on the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine in paclitaxel- and cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. View abstract. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue. View abstract. 2008;8:365. 2006;35(3):349-357. These 11 healthy foods can help you burn fat. Pichard, C., Roulet, M., Schutz, Y., Rossle, C., Chiolero, R., Temler, E., Schindler, C., Zurlo, F., Furst, P., and Jequier, E. Clinical relevance of L-carnitine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition in postoperative trauma. Acta Med Scand 1982;212(3):115-120. (Cruciani et al., 2004). Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Eur Heart J 1984;5(Abstr Suppl 1):138. View abstract. Colon-Soto, M., Peredo, R. A., and Vila, L. M. Systemic lupus erythematosus after mesotherapy with acetyl-L-carnitine. Fagher, B., Thysell, H., Nilsson-Ehle, P., Monti, M., Olsson, L., Eriksson, M., Lindstedt, S., and Lindholm, T. The effect of D,L-carnitine supplementation on muscle metabolism, neuropathy, cardiac and hepatic function in hemodialysis patients. Clin Ter. However, this does not explain why insomnia actually occurs. Kosolcharoen T, Nappi J, Peduzzi P, and et al. Bellinghieri, G., Savica, V., Barbera, C. M., Ricciardi, B., Egitto, M., Torre, F., Valentini, G., D'Iddio, S., Bagiella, E., Mallamace, A., and . Life Sci 1996;59:1579-99. Because carnosine can lower blood pressure, individuals with already low blood pressure should exercise extra caution when taking it . View abstract. Dragan, G. I., Vasiliu, A., Georgescu, E., and Dumas, I. Reduction of serum carnitine concentrations during anticonvulsant therapy with phenobarbital, valproic acid, phenytoin, and carbamazepine in children. View abstract. Marthaler NP, Visarius T, Kupfer A, Lauterburg BH. Clinical Trials Journal 1986;23(4):242-248. 2013 Apr;98(4):1667-75. 1988;26(5):269-272. View abstract. It appears to be safe used on a short-term basis. L-carnitine might increase the effects of warfarin and increase the chances of bruising and bleeding. The equivalent dosage range for other forms of L-carnitine are as follows: 630-2,500mg (ALCAR), 1,000-4,000mg . Ren Fail. View abstract. Memeo A., Loiero M. Thioctic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of sciatic pain caused by a herniated disc: a randomized, double-blind, comparative study. Serati AR, Motamedi MR, Emami S, et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1738-44. Cao, Y., Wang, Y. X., Liu, C. J., Wang, L. X., Han, Z. W., and Wang, C. B. It is used for weight loss and may have an impact on brain function. View abstract. [Chronic fatigue syndrome and neurotransmitters]. Dutta, A., Ray, K., Singh, V. K., Vats, P., Singh, S. N., and Singh, S. B. L-carnitine supplementation attenuates intermittent hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and delays muscle fatigue in rats. Eidi, M., Pouyan, O., Shahmohammadi, P., Saeidi, H., Bahar, M., and Eidi, A. Serban MC, Sahebkar A, Mikhailidis DP, et al. This may lead to irritability, hyperactivity or insomnia. Protective role of carnitine in breast cancer via decreasing arginase activity and increasing nitric oxide. View abstract. L-Carnitine supplementation in older women. Boehm G, Stahl B. Oligosaccharides from milk. 2011;17(1):BR1-BR9. Gecele M, Francesetti G, and Meluzzi A. Acetyl-L-carnitine in aged subjects with major depression: clinical efficacy and effects on the circadian rhythm of cortisol. Rajasekar, P. and Anuradha, C. V. Effect of L-carnitine on skeletal muscle lipids and oxidative stress in rats fed high-fructose diet. Thal LJ, Calvani M, Amato A, et al. More research is needed to confirm the benefits of L-carnitine in a younger, more active population. 2006;12(6):704-714. View abstract. Arch Neurol 1992;49:1137-41. View abstract. 2010;9(3):265-268. Signorelli, S. S., Fatuzzo, P., Rapisarda, F., Neri, S., Ferrante, M., Oliveri, Conti G., Fallico, R., Di, Pino L., Pennisi, G., Celotta, G., and Anzaldi, M. Propionyl-L-carnitine therapy: effects on endothelin-1 and homocysteine levels in patients with peripheral arterial disease and end-stage renal disease. Vivekanandan, S. and Nayak, S. D. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy enhanced by topiramate and phenobarbitone: a case report and an update. Acta Diabetol. View abstract. Biolo, G., Stulle, M., Bianco, F., Mengozzi, G., Barazzoni, R., Vasile, A., Panzetta, G., and Guarnieri, G. Insulin action on glucose and protein metabolism during L-carnitine supplementation in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Brass, E. P., Adler, S., Sietsema, K. E., Hiatt, W. R., Orlando, A. M., and Amato, A. Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals Inc, Gaithersburg, MD. Van Wouwe JP. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1995;65:211-4. Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's Disease. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019;35(8):701-5. doi: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1576622. View abstract. Sproule, D. M., Dyme, J., Coku, J., de, Vinck D., Rosenzweig, E., Chung, W. K., and De Vivo, D. C. Pulmonary artery hypertension in a child with MELAS due to a point mutation of the mitochondrial tRNA((Leu)) gene (m.3243A > G).
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