tendency: 1 n an inclination to do something Synonyms: leaning , propensity Type of: inclination that toward which you are inclined to feel a liking n an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others "a tendency to be too strict" Synonyms: disposition , inclination Types: show 31 types. hide 31 types. the tendency to favor our own group: scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame: other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Confirmation Bias: Definition, Signs, Overcoming - Verywell Mind This episode provides an example of, A business leader who welcomes a variety of opinions from subordinates and invites experts' critiques of her company's developing plans is most likely to inhibit. Here are some more examples that are actually prejudice, watch what you say! The results from research using the IAT are consistent with social identity theory. Understandably, people from the first list of groups tends to score higher on SDO, while those from the second group tend to score lower. Individualistic culture is to independent self as collectivistic culture is to _______ self. The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. Biases can explicit (overt and conscious) or more implicit (automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent). refers to the tendency to view the world through ones own cultural In particular, it is unclear to what extent ingroup favoritism is driven by preferences concerning the welfare of ingroup over outgroup members, vs. beliefs about the behavior of ingroup and outgroup members. p.)\left.p.\right)p.). "Oh, no, never," the woman said. D) GRIT. After meeting Kim, who has a 4.0 GPA and volunteers 20 hours each week to help disabled children, Beth says "Well, Kim is an exception to the rule." e. Essentialism. Three pathways by which self-concept can shape how we communicate are self-esteem, self-monitoring, and Multiple Choice self-serving bias. That said, the targets of bias sometimes shift across time. Social facilitation refers to the tendency to, Perform well learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others, Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. a. . We categorize people according to their citizenship, gender, allegiance to a sports team, and university affiliation, among other qualities. c. hindsight bias. 0 . For example, imagine that a person believes left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people. For example, if you were asked to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you might quickly categorize it as good. Turner, J. C. (1975). Log in Join. chapter_12 - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. The tendency to An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. C) Having an unreasonable fear of those who are different from you. a motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism. Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive. Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. Calls for national unity and patriotism that do not tolerate dissenting voices are an example. How is it that entire groups of people were left out of political participation, justice, and freedom? According to Lyons et al. Basically, rumination . b. the bystander effect. Plan a vacation in Switzerland that centers around its natural landscape. In some countries, women who have been raped are sometimes sentenced to punishment for having violated a law against adultery. Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. NIMBY, also spelled Nimby, in full Not in My Backyard or Not in My Backyard Phenomenon, a colloquialism signifying one's opposition to the locating of something considered undesirable in one's neighborhood. Chapter 13 Flashcards 29 terms. chp 9 psych Flashcards | Quizlet This module focuses on biases against individuals based on group membership and against groups. quiz 5 psych 312.docx - Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to In the abstract these mental maps can help us understand how to interact with new people based on educated guesses about their category. a. human aggression is an unlearned instinct. The difference is that we categories ourselves, as self-categorization theory points out (Turner, 1975). Fundamental Attribution Error - Simply Psychology direction a . 1. a natural or prevailing disposition to move, proceed, or act in some direction or toward some point, end, or result. Do you know more people from different kinds of social groups than your parents did? This is the term that refers to a positive attitude . Own Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Most people have a positive view of themselves. Could you feel that some associations are easier than others? View Essay - chapter_12 from HLT 1353 at University of Houston. What was the highest marginal tax rate for married taxpayers in 1970? (c) How does the optimal expenditure on the xxx good vary with ppp ? An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. Psychological impact of anti-Asian stigma due to COVID-19 pandemic: A call for research, practice, and policy responses. Expert Answer. The Peter Principle: What It Is and How to Overcome It - Investopedia It pays the utility bill during July. b. less; more Narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as d. the fundamental attribution error. The tendency to recall faces of one's own face more accurately than faces of other races. which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. After Manny's father refused to let him use the family car on Friday night, Manny let all the air out of the tires. Social categorization and stereotyping in vivo: The VUCA challenge. Women cannot drive. A simple way to understand these mixed feelings, across a variety of groups, results from the Stereotype Content Model shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence. Hanna overcriticizes him for minor errors. Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor one's own in-group over another's outgroup. 2022. Its not that the person high in SDO wants to control what this outgroup member does; its that moving into this nice neighborhood disrupts the social hierarchy the person high in SDO believes in (i.e. There are also lots of stereotypes regarding each race. A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information. Within the realm of personality psychology, the false-consensus effect does not have significant effects.This is because the false-consensus effect relies heavily on the social environment and how a person interprets this environment. The tendency to see the beliefs, values, and customs of one's own culture or group as "right" or "natural" is called a. ethnicity. When people would like a certain idea or concept to be true, they end up believing it to be true. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. Ingroup bias is the tendency to favor and support individuals who belong to groups we identify with. He is disheartened and feels frustrated but is unable to question his manager. The result is seeing people who live in subsidized housing, or who like comic books, or who are religious, or who have autism as one homogenous group with little variation. When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk, he prepared to offer help. We identify o We compare Ingroup bias o Tendency to favor ones own Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called, Studies of implicit attitudes indicate that prejudice is often, Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. Social Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet d. father care. He believes in strict obedience to authority and is intolerant of weakness in others. What Is Confirmation Bias? | Psychology Today Black people tend to dress pretty much alike. D) the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through group discussion. tendency. "learners" received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. b. the foot-in-the-door-phenomenon. The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. These types of stereotypes were overt, unapologetic, and expected to be shared by otherswhat we now call blatant biases. They were generalizations about a group, since most of the college students did not interact with people from Turkey. Common stereotypes of people from all sorts of categories and occupations turn out to classify them along these two dimensions (see Figure 1). Misra, S., Le, P.T., Goldmann, E. & Yang, L.H. a. more; less How can people learn to get along with people who seem different from them? Social dominance orientation (SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). These blatant biases tend to run in packs: People who openly hate one outgroup also hate many others. b. physical attractiveness. a. deindividuation. Boy scout experiment- created conflict and then used superordinate goals to override it, woman whose murder in front of witnesses led to research on bystander effect, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 1, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 2, 01: History of PsychPeople (Unit 1 Review), Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. c. blood alcohol. This behavior is best explained in terms of: Your textbook defines _____ as a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. Another case in which people judge other members of the ingroup very negatively occurs when a member of one's own group behaves in a . a. deindividuation. Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment. What is NOT a reason why watching media violence have negative consequences. Another example includes people who feel benevolent toward traditional women but hostile toward nontraditional women. Exam 1 Dr. Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that: Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Today, there is a greater appreciation of the fact that not all biases are overt hostility based on a personal animosity toward members of a group. In fact, this finding generally holds regardless of whether ones group is measured according race, age, religion, nationality, and even temporary, insignificant memberships. d. oxytocin. What Is Outgroup Bias? | Definition & Examples C) selective perception. Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. the tendency to favor our own group. In-group favoritism is an ambiguous form of bias because it disfavors the outgroup by exclusion. A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others. On your way to school one day, ask yourself how many types of vehicles breeze down Main St U.S.A., on the average? For the following sentence, make corrections in end mark, period, and comma usage as needed. HLT. a. Psychology. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes. This best illustrates the perceived value of, The tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment stimulated social-psychological research on. d. women tend to share similar attitudes about sex. (d) Put a=1/2a=1 / 2a=1/2. The process of pursuing our full potential is what he called the actualizing tendency. Explaining behaviors based on outside factors influencing and individual. Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. Solved The tendency to favor an idea, person, or thing over - Chegg Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The jury . Group-serving bias (or ultimate attribution error). We identify o We compare Ingroup bias o Tendency to favor ones own group o. Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) is an ideology that emphasizes conformity or obedience to authority (Altemeyer, 1988). b. deindividuation. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like modern racism, ingroup bias, been more racially prejudiced than others and more. b. prejudice. Unit 23. The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called, Nora, Ko, Ian, and May each think that Ms. Akey may be a slightly better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Such a question would be preposterous if you were only surrounded by members of your own group. Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals. Mr. Wong, a high school teacher, tells his class that he thinks boys tend to be less anxious and, thus, give better speeches than girls. One explanation is that historical biases were widespread and institutionalized. Understand 21st century biases that may break down as identities get more complicated. Tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other ethnic groups. We naturally categorize people by age, language, occupation, ethnicity, income, and many other qualities. to have power or mastery over. The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. What roles do the evoked set, inert set, and inept set take part in a consumer's information search? Social Psychology Ch 9 (Prejudice) Flashcards | Quizlet an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). Subtle biases (also called automatic or implicit biases) are unexamined and sometimes unconscious, but just as real in their consequences. Instead, when he returns home, he shouts at his son for playing video games. b. the just-world phenomenon. According to Gallup's polling . Blatant bias is not a thing of the past, however. What entry (debit or credit) does the recipient record? This illustrates, Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called, Research participants believed that the Ash conformity test involved a study of, Alex thinks smoking is addictive but other players on his hockey team insist that it's not. However, regardless of political ideology, RWA focuses on competing frameworks of values. Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of: Like stereotypes, prejudice is a bias against people based on their group membership. Group-serving bias is the tendency to make more favorable attributions about our ingroups than our outgroups. ch 9 quiz Flashcards | Quizlet 3. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as ., The underlying reason why stereotype threat can undermine the performance of members of a group with respect to some ability is that the experience of stereotype threat fosters ., In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs . HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Influence (conforming) resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another, the theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition, the tendency for observers, when analyzing anothers behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition, feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events, occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts, occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness, the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request, a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave, the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. Male 1: Maybe more than anybody else. (Mob Mentality), The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. a. Indicate the amount of expenses (if any) the firm recognizes during the months of June, July, and August in each of the following hypothetical transactions. A) mirror-image perceptions. b. the mere exposure effect. Then create a word search puzzle using the sentences-without the word as clues. A belief that leads to its own fulfillment. If people do not want to invite Margaret on vacation because they fear that she will move too slowly (a common view of older people) then they are discriminating against her. This best illustrates, Montel, a White university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. This reaction is best explained in terms of: After the events of 9/11, some Americans began boycotting Arab-American stores and lashing out at any person they perceived as Middle Eastern. They have relatively high levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. This best illustrates. c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. where all constants are positive, a(0,1)a \in(0,1)a(0,1). One student admitted that he had once considered becoming an accountant but decided against it because "accountants are all boring number crunchers without an ounce of creativity." (1998). Categories . For instance, Margaret might not be typical (or stereotypical) of an 80-year-old in that she regularly competes in organized half-marathons. Just 80 years ago, American college students unabashedly thought Turkish people were cruel, very religious, and treacherous (Katz & Braly, 1933). a. groupthink bias b.ingroup bias c.outgroup bias d. intergroup bias According to current research of aggression, which of the following statements is. c. more; more swissworld: saisons Where stereotypes are related to thinking, prejudices are more emotional in nature. Sun Microsystems uses the accrual basis of accounting and recognizes revenue at the time it sells goods or renders services. This is best illustrated in studies of, Prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifying, Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in town. The non-rival out-group acts as a reference . They are automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent, but nonetheless biased, unfair, and disrespectful to a belief in equality. C) a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. Narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others is a false statement. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. The principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression. Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor ones own in-group over anothers outgroup. Despite its name, though, RWA is not necessarily limited to people on the right (conservatives). other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates ________. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. For example, the SDO gender difference (men higher, women lower) appears all over the world. The dislike originates from each classs favoritism toward itself and the fact that only one group can play on the soccer field at a time. A) lack of critical thinking due to a strong desire for social harmony within a group. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by: Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that, That actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes, The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by, The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as, Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. Developed Social Learning Theory, where children learn through watching AND imitating actions. One aggression-replacement program has brought down re-arrest rates of juvenile offenders by: Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to favor one's own group is called: Selected Answer: Response Feedback: ingroup bias. 2. an inclination, bent, or predisposition to something. Iceland, for example, guarantees legal equality between men and women. . In other words, ingroup bias denotes positive feelings towards one's ingroup, while outgroup bias denotes negative feelings towards outgroups. Early. these group categories that he fits into are his _____., an ___ is a large amount of people that perceive themselves as different from/ apart from their ingroup and more. Social identity is a person's sense of who they are based on their group membership (s). the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet The girls' belief best illustrates: Daniel does not get the desired salary hike during his annual appraisal. These small interactions can have devastating effects on the hopeful interviewees ability to perform well (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. Cindy's reaction best illustrates, People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their, In an experiment by Dutton and Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. In political science, Duverger's law holds that single-ballot majoritarian elections with single-member districts (such as first past the post) tend to favor a two-party system.The discovery of this tendency is attributed to Maurice Duverger, a French sociologist who observed the effect and recorded it in several papers published in the 1950s and 1960s. D) the effects of exposure to violent pornography. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as . Today, many nations have equality clearly articulated in their constitutions. b. Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (2010). What are the demand functions in this case? The stereotype content model attends to two major dimensions of evaluating other people: warmth and competence. Influence (conforming) resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.
What Percentage Of Nfl Players Donate To Charity,
Articles T
